Purim Halacha Guide: Matanot LaEvyonim Explained

1. Can I give Matanot LaEvyonim (gifts to the poor) from maaser (tithe) money?

You may not fulfill the basic obligation of Matanot LaEvyonim on Purim using maaser funds. However, if you wish to give more than the minimum requirement (two gifts to two poor people), the additional amount may be taken from maaser money (Mishnah Berurah 694:3).

If, when you began separating maaser, you explicitly said “without a vow”, and you are currently under financial pressure, you may even use maaser money for the basic obligation (Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 170).

2. From what age is one obligated to give Matanot LaEvyonim?

Some authorities say children should be educated to participate in this mitzvah, while others maintain that the obligation begins only from bar or bat mitzvah age and that there is no requirement to train younger children. This latter view is the common custom.

Sources include Pri Megadim, Yesod VeShoresh HaAvodah, and rulings attributed to Rav Elyashiv, among others. Some opinions suggest that from about age nine it is appropriate to give children money so they can participate.

3. Does giving to a non-Jewish poor person fulfill the mitzvah?

No. Giving to a non-Jewish poor person does not fulfill the obligation of Matanot LaEvyonim (Beit Yosef O.C. 694; Or LeTzion, vol. 4).

4. Can the money given as Zecher LeMachatzit HaShekel count as Matanot LaEvyonim?

No. These are two separate mitzvot and must be given independently.

5. When must Matanot LaEvyonim be given? Is there a difference between Jerusalem and other places?

The gifts must be given on the day of Purim itself.

• In most cities, Purim is observed on the 14th of Adar, and the gifts should be given that day.

• In Jerusalem, Purim is observed on the 15th of Adar, so the gifts should be given on the 15th.

6. As a married woman, must I personally give Mishloach Manot and Matanot LaEvyonim, or is it enough if my husband does it for both of us?

A married woman is obligated in both mitzvot. However, she may appoint her husband as her agent to fulfill them on her behalf. It is proper that recipients know the gifts were also sent in her name.

7. Can I give Mishloach Manot and Matanot LaEvyonim to the same person if they are both a friend and poor?

Technically, one may fulfill both mitzvot through the same individual, provided that an additional gift is given to another poor person. However, since some authorities discourage this practice, it is preferable to give gifts to two separate poor individuals.

8. What is the minimum amount required for Matanot LaEvyonim?

Strictly speaking, even a minimal coin fulfills the obligation. Nevertheless, a God-fearing person should give generously and pleasantly, ideally an amount sufficient for one modest meal.

9. Can I give Matanot LaEvyonim to my mother if she is currently struggling financially?

Yes, if she genuinely qualifies as needy, it is permissible to give her the gifts.

However, you cannot fulfill the mitzvah by giving both required gifts to only one poor person; they must be given to two separate poor individuals.