All About Squirrels: Habitat, Behavior, and Unique Traits

Squirrels are mammals that belong to the rodent family. The squirrel family includes about 274 different species.

Most squirrels live in forests and are tree dwellers. They are active during the day and primarily feed on plants, nuts, seeds, and fungi. However, when their usual food is not available, they may also eat insects, eggs, and small invertebrates.

To crack open nuts, their main food source, squirrels are equipped with strong teeth. Their lower incisors can spread apart slightly, allowing them to break open hard shells.

Size and Variety

An average squirrel weighs between about 0.5 to 1 pound (250–500 grams) and measures around 9 to 10 inches (23–25 cm) in length.

There is a wide range of sizes among different species. Some, like the pygmy squirrel, are extremely small and can measure as little as 3 inches (7 cm). On the other end of the spectrum are much larger species, such as certain marmots, which can weigh up to 28 pounds (13 kg).

Social Behavior

Some squirrel species live in groups and form social connections with other squirrels, while others prefer a solitary lifestyle.

The Famous Tail

Squirrels are well known for their long, bushy tails. This tail helps them maintain balance and climb trees with agility, preventing falls.

Winter Habits

Most squirrels are active during the warmer months and enter a form of winter dormancy. During the winter, they may wake occasionally. To prepare, they store food such as nuts and acorns in advance, often carrying them in their cheeks before hiding them away.

Where Do Squirrels Live?

Squirrels are common in many parts of the world, including Europe and North America. However, they are absent from Australia and New Zealand.

In Israel, squirrels are very rare. The only native species is the golden squirrel, a relatively small squirrel measuring about 14 inches (35 cm) in length and weighing up to about 400 grams. It has a long tail, and its fur ranges from brown to gray, with a golden brown underside and a tail that can vary from golden brown to deep reddish hues.

In the past, the golden squirrel was found in areas such as Mount Hermon and the Galilee, but in recent decades it has nearly disappeared from the region.